In 'The Language of New Media', Manovich dicusses a principle of transcoding as, "the most substantial consequence of media's compterization." (Manovich, 2002: 63). Computerization is the process that converts media into computer data. This is highly significant in today's culture.
If we look at the world as having two layers, a computer layer and a cultural layer, it would be logical to say that each layer could affect the other (Manovich, 2002). For example, take our use of mobile phones. Before the invention of the now common mobile phone, people in general had to either remember or write down phone numbers in a personal phone book. Now with our mobile phones having phone books within them we culturally do not need to remember phone numbers.
There are many ways in which the computer layer affects the cultural layer and "as hardware and software keep evolving", (Manovich, 2002: 64) so do our cultural uses of them. Take our encyclopedias, homes used to have, and some still do, a collection of print encylopedias that could be used for referencing various topics. As computers became more efficient, encyclopedic software was created, like 'Encarta', this was a breakthrough as it meant that you could search the entire content for key words which made referencing much easier. Although currently we do not need such software as the internet has all of our information on sites such as Wikipedia, IMDB and even Google. Culturally it is normal to look up anything that we are quizzical about on these websites without a second thought.
A simple database used to just store and organise data, but now we can look at it being transcoded into video games, like 'Football Manager'. This unintentionally caused many effects on people, in addiction and behavioural patterns. Comedian Jason Manford was rude to a Manchester City player because he turned up late for training in his game (Nakrani, 2013). Fans of the game have applied for Football Manager jobs in real life, using the game as a work reference. One was successful (Burke, 2012). This is a extreme example of how transcoding affects our cultural behaviour, although an important one. Both the computer layer and cultural layer walk hand in hand and as one wants to change, so shall the other.
Bibliography
Nakrani, S. (2013) Football Manager craze has matured into a full-grown national obsession, Guardian, 21 August [Online]. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/aug/21/football-manager-craze-lionel-messi (Accessed: 16 October 2013)
Manovich, L. (2002) The Language of New Media (Cambridge, Mass: London MIT Press)
Burke, E. (2012) 21-year-old with 10 years' Football Manager experience becomes manager at FC Baku, SiliconRepublic, 22 November [Online]. Availbale at: http://siliconrepublic.com/digital-life/item/30360-21-year-old-with-10-years (Accessed: 16 October 2013)
Showing posts with label Transcoding. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Transcoding. Show all posts
Wednesday, 16 October 2013
New Defination of New Media with Five Elments
When Monovich started the own article; He wants to know limits of new media, Is all new product new media ? How can we define new media ?
The popular definition of new media identifies it with the use of a computer for distribution and exhibition, rather than with production. (Manovich, 2002 pg.43) Computer systems involve all part of life when we speak media especially new media this isn't eveluate with being computerization. Manovich said own essay photography, book, music etc. can be digital and it can be stored in cd or memory and view on computer screen but that isn't new media only "metamorfic" old media.
Manovich demonstrade own article that most important thing for new media is digital code and start five element such as numerical representation, modularity, automation, variability and transcoding.
Firstly, symbol and characters is composing numerical representation mathematical function an algorithmic manipulation provide that media becomes more programmable (Manovich, 2002). Forexample X, Y and 0, 1, 2 terms and formula are internatinonal and when some body send to other person, can understand and put into practice.
Secondly, Manovich explain modularity "called fractal structure". Forexample, one thing can be define or work different type like as movie video. BS.player, windows media player, real player and can play same video with different style.
Thirdly, Manovich say automation fix mistakes and supply to work with correct system. Forinstance, word document can find and adjust wrong things in text.
Fourtly, Variability is described media isn't fixed once and for all but can exist different versions. Forexample, one thing can be differnet format and can be launch various type of media.
Finally, Transcoding is translate something to other form. Forexample, a word format of text can be PDF format.
Bibliography
Manovich, L (2002) What is New Media of Media from the language of New Media (Cambridge, Mass: London MIT Press)
When Monovich started the own article; He wants to know limits of new media, Is all new product new media ? How can we define new media ?
The popular definition of new media identifies it with the use of a computer for distribution and exhibition, rather than with production. (Manovich, 2002 pg.43) Computer systems involve all part of life when we speak media especially new media this isn't eveluate with being computerization. Manovich said own essay photography, book, music etc. can be digital and it can be stored in cd or memory and view on computer screen but that isn't new media only "metamorfic" old media.
Firstly, symbol and characters is composing numerical representation mathematical function an algorithmic manipulation provide that media becomes more programmable (Manovich, 2002). Forexample X, Y and 0, 1, 2 terms and formula are internatinonal and when some body send to other person, can understand and put into practice.
Secondly, Manovich explain modularity "called fractal structure". Forexample, one thing can be define or work different type like as movie video. BS.player, windows media player, real player and can play same video with different style.
Thirdly, Manovich say automation fix mistakes and supply to work with correct system. Forinstance, word document can find and adjust wrong things in text.
Fourtly, Variability is described media isn't fixed once and for all but can exist different versions. Forexample, one thing can be differnet format and can be launch various type of media.
Finally, Transcoding is translate something to other form. Forexample, a word format of text can be PDF format.
Bibliography
Manovich, L (2002) What is New Media of Media from the language of New Media (Cambridge, Mass: London MIT Press)
Manovich - What New Media is'nt
Manovich identifies New Media as "the use of a computer for distribution and exhibition, rather than with production" (Manovich, pg. 43, 2002)
In this chapter of the book, we are looking at the separate historical trajectories of New Media in the form of Computing and Media technologies. We know that in historical terms, Computers where used to perform mass calculations on numerical data more efficiently. Then we see the rise of Media Technologies, where them being used to store images, sounds and text, using a different material form such as a photographic plate or film stock. (Manovich, pg. 44, 2002)
The principal of New Media I think is most important is Transcoding. The basic material principals of New Media - numeric coding and modular organisation then moved to deeper ones - automation and variability. (Manovich pg.63, 2002)
This principal surrounds computerization, which turns media into computer data. New media in general can be thought of consisting of two general layers; the 'cultural' layer and the 'computer' layer. So the cultural layer can consist of short story and plot and the computer layer can consist of process and packet, a computer language and data structure. (Manovich, pg.63, 2002)
I think this is important because as we get older, computer software and hardware is evolving and rapidly upgrading, therefore computers are being used for new tasks and carrying out new functions. Manovich says that the two computer layers influence each other(pg.64) and that they are compositing each other.
"In new media lingo, to 'transcode' something is to translate it into another format"(Manovich,pg.64,2002). This means that transcoding something and changing it to another format would gain comparability with another programme or application. So it could be used to convert video formats(Quicktime to MPEG) but it can also be used to convert HTML files to fit onto mobile devices, for the use of e-mailing applications.
Image URL (http://www.longtailvideo.com/support/bits-on-the-run/24279/understanding-our-transcoding/)
References - http://andreknoerig.de/portfolio/03/bin/resources/manovich-langofnewmedia.pdf
Manovich, Language of New Media, 2002.
In this chapter of the book, we are looking at the separate historical trajectories of New Media in the form of Computing and Media technologies. We know that in historical terms, Computers where used to perform mass calculations on numerical data more efficiently. Then we see the rise of Media Technologies, where them being used to store images, sounds and text, using a different material form such as a photographic plate or film stock. (Manovich, pg. 44, 2002)
The principal of New Media I think is most important is Transcoding. The basic material principals of New Media - numeric coding and modular organisation then moved to deeper ones - automation and variability. (Manovich pg.63, 2002)
This principal surrounds computerization, which turns media into computer data. New media in general can be thought of consisting of two general layers; the 'cultural' layer and the 'computer' layer. So the cultural layer can consist of short story and plot and the computer layer can consist of process and packet, a computer language and data structure. (Manovich, pg.63, 2002)
I think this is important because as we get older, computer software and hardware is evolving and rapidly upgrading, therefore computers are being used for new tasks and carrying out new functions. Manovich says that the two computer layers influence each other(pg.64) and that they are compositing each other.
"In new media lingo, to 'transcode' something is to translate it into another format"(Manovich,pg.64,2002). This means that transcoding something and changing it to another format would gain comparability with another programme or application. So it could be used to convert video formats(Quicktime to MPEG) but it can also be used to convert HTML files to fit onto mobile devices, for the use of e-mailing applications.
Image URL (http://www.longtailvideo.com/support/bits-on-the-run/24279/understanding-our-transcoding/)
References - http://andreknoerig.de/portfolio/03/bin/resources/manovich-langofnewmedia.pdf
Manovich, Language of New Media, 2002.
The Language Of New Media : Transcoding.
Transcoding, "The most substantial consequence of media's computerization" (Manovich, 2002 : 63) described Manovich. Though, how does transcoding help us in defining New Media and what is Transcoding?
In The Language Of New Media by Manovich, he talks about what New media is by highlighting five different principles of new media. For me, it seemed that the most important principle was Transcoding.
Manovich explains in 'new media lingo', to "transcode something is to translate it into another format" (Manovich, 2002 : 64), such as the transformation from a text file into sound.
 |
| 1/ This image demonstrates the process of transcoding. |
Once an item or an object has been transcoded, it then becomes a different shape or object digitally even though it may appear the same visually to the user. In his book The language of New Media, Manovich suggests to divide/think about New Media in to two different layers, the 'culture layer' and the 'computer layer' (Manovich, 2002 : 63)
Manovich states:
"As hardware and software keep evolving and as the computer is used for new tasks and in new ways, this [computer] layer undergoes continuous transformation" (Manovich, 2002 : 64)
Manovich believes that both, the culture layer and the computer layer influence the development of one another. The way that the culture layer is organized is influenced by the organization of data in the computer layer. Culture layer is defined as the layer affecting "all cultural categories and concepts." The cultural layers are transcoded into a new form of new media and are processed through computers. The computer layer is the digital coding that the computer uses to translate into objects . Manovich uses the encyclopaedia as an example of cultural layer, which is something that the public is fairly familiar with and is often used. Other culture layers would include literary texts.
It is evident that the culture and computer layers work together/cohere to produce what we now call a 'computer culture' (Manovich, 2002 : 64) The culture layer is what the humans recognize and are familiar with whereas the computer layer is the digital coding used by the computer to translate it into objects or a language that we are familiar with.
2/ This diagram summarises the relationship
between culture layer and computer layer.
References:
- Manovich L. 2002, The Language Of New Media: What is New Media and The Principles Of New Media (43-66)
Images:
"We are in the middle of a New Media revolution"
Manovich states that all forms of media have "The same potential to change existing cultural languages. And all have the same potential to leave culture as it is". (Manovich, 2002, p. 43) There has been a paradigm shift in the media landscape and the computerization of media has had a huge impact of the development of modern society "we are in the middle of a New Media revolution" (Manovich, 2002, p.43)
New Media exists on two layers, the 'Cultural' layer and 'Computer' layer. Technology-wise it is the convergence of many old media forms into one device, Manovich puts forward that the development of modern media and the development of computers where two trajectories that where designed to meet. (Manovich, 2002, p. 46)
Manovich states that there are five key principles of New Media, each dependent on the one the one that preceded it. Material principles such as numeric coding and modular organisation state that all New Media is composed of digital code and that any element of a media object is represented as collections of small, discrete samples. All these small elements are brought together into larger objects whilst at the same time maintaining their separate identity. (Manovich, 2002, p. 51) More far reaching principles such as automation and variability state that these previous principles allow many operations involved in media creation to be automated, which in turn partially removes people from the creative process. (Manovich, 2002, p.53) New Media is characterized by its variability, producing many different versions instead of a direct copy. (Manovich, 2002, p.56)
The most important principle of New Media is Transcoding. Transcoding refers to the way the human 'cultural layer' is interpreted in computerized processes and the 'computer layer' in human cultural terms.(Manovich, 2002, p. 63) Manovich believes each layer influences the development of the other and that they can no longer be viewed as separate entities.
"The computer layer and the media/culture layer influence each other. To use another concept from new media, we can say that they are being composited together. The result of this composite is the new computer culture: a blend of human and computer meanings, of traditional ways human culture modeled the world and the computer's own ways to represent it." (Manovich, 2002, p. 64)
Manovich states it's no longer just the way humans derive meaning from objects that shapes our cultural landscape, but that the computerization of content creates meaning and informs our understanding of cultural practices. The way computers represent human culture has an effect on shaping culture itself.
Bibliography
Manovich, L., 2002. The Language of New Media. [Online]
Available at: http://andreknoerig.de/portfolio/03/bin/resources/manovich-langofnewmedia.pdf [Accessed 13 October 2013].
New Media exists on two layers, the 'Cultural' layer and 'Computer' layer. Technology-wise it is the convergence of many old media forms into one device, Manovich puts forward that the development of modern media and the development of computers where two trajectories that where designed to meet. (Manovich, 2002, p. 46)
Manovich states that there are five key principles of New Media, each dependent on the one the one that preceded it. Material principles such as numeric coding and modular organisation state that all New Media is composed of digital code and that any element of a media object is represented as collections of small, discrete samples. All these small elements are brought together into larger objects whilst at the same time maintaining their separate identity. (Manovich, 2002, p. 51) More far reaching principles such as automation and variability state that these previous principles allow many operations involved in media creation to be automated, which in turn partially removes people from the creative process. (Manovich, 2002, p.53) New Media is characterized by its variability, producing many different versions instead of a direct copy. (Manovich, 2002, p.56)
The most important principle of New Media is Transcoding. Transcoding refers to the way the human 'cultural layer' is interpreted in computerized processes and the 'computer layer' in human cultural terms.(Manovich, 2002, p. 63) Manovich believes each layer influences the development of the other and that they can no longer be viewed as separate entities.
"The computer layer and the media/culture layer influence each other. To use another concept from new media, we can say that they are being composited together. The result of this composite is the new computer culture: a blend of human and computer meanings, of traditional ways human culture modeled the world and the computer's own ways to represent it." (Manovich, 2002, p. 64)
Manovich states it's no longer just the way humans derive meaning from objects that shapes our cultural landscape, but that the computerization of content creates meaning and informs our understanding of cultural practices. The way computers represent human culture has an effect on shaping culture itself.
Bibliography
Manovich, L., 2002. The Language of New Media. [Online]
Available at: http://andreknoerig.de/portfolio/03/bin/resources/manovich-langofnewmedia.pdf [Accessed 13 October 2013].
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